Great podcasts by Doug Tallamy on gardening and wildlife

I've already mentioned Doug Tallamy's wonderful book, Bringing Nature Home (Timber Press). I just discovered these fascinating and inspiring podcasts online. Enjoy!

Part 1: the crisis faced by wildlife, making friends with insects. (8:02)

Part 2: how many native vs. non-native plants do you need, which native plants have the most benefit for wildlife. (11:11)

Part 3: how to distinguish native vs. non-native plants, how invasive plants affect the environment, using herbicides to control invasive plants, organic gardening. (9:24)

Part 4: can one garden really make a difference in helping wildlife? How to get started. (9:15)

Part 5: do lawn alternatives help wildlife, what is the most destructive landscaping practice? Current research on the impact of plants on wildlife, especially birds. Effects of native vs. invasive insects. (11:29)

Hamamelis virginiana in bloom

Although he photographed these flowers in High Park last Monday, Nicky wanted me to post this plant today in honour of Hallowe'en. Hamamelis virginiana, known in English as "American witchhazel" and in French as hamamélis de Virginie, is a deciduous tree native to eastern and central North America. Unlike most of our native trees, witchhazel blooms in autumn, possibly to take advantage of the lack of other flowers vying for pollinators attention. I was thrilled to see this interesting tree for the first time in real life!

Juglans nigra: now with leaves!

The black walnuts in the back yard are looking much prettier now that they are in leaf. (Here's what it looked like without foliage.) These native trees will be a source of nuts for the local squirrels when they're older. Black walnut produces "juglone" which makes the nearby soil unsuitable for some plants, such as tomatoes. There are a number of juglone-tolerant plants to choose from to grow under your black walnut. The large compound leaves have a tropical feel. They look similar to those of the invasive Ailanthus altissima (tree of heaven), but A. altissima's leaflets have a pair of teeth at the base. Black walnut also has pleasantly fragrant leaves, smelling like incense, whereas Ailanthus has a foul smell like burnt peanut butter.

Acer rubrum: small sapling with new foliage

Acer rubrum, known in English as "red maple", "swamp maple", or "soft maple", and in French as érable rouge, érable de Virginie, érable de plaine, or érable du Canada, is a deciduous tree native to eastern North America.

We have a few small red maple saplings volunteering in the yard.

Pinus strobus

Pinus strobus, known in English as "eastern white pine" and in French as pin blanc d'Amerique, is a large evergreen coniferous tree native to eastern North America, and the provincial tree of Ontario. I photographed this beautiful tree at Wheelers' Maple Syrup Camp and Pancake House in McDonald's Corners, eastern Ontario (which has delicious pancakes, made vegan on request (phone ahead), year round!)

The cones of eastern white pine are 10-20 cm long. According to nearctica.com, Pinus strobus is "the only eastern pine with long, stalked cones with pliable cone scales". Eastern white pine is the only eastern pine with needles in clusters of five. (I found these needles on the ground; the tree was not harmed for this photo!)

This beautiful native tree is too large for most Torontonians' gardens, alas, which just shows the importance of protecting large wilderness areas to preserve the plants and animals that depend on them.

NANPS Native Plant Sale coming May 9

The North American Native Plant Society is having a plant sale and expo in Markham on May 9. I don't know how I'll be able to go, since I don't drive, but if you can go it looks amazing. Check out the list of amazing plants available at very reasonable prices (you can reserve plants, but check their policy on plant unavailability at the bottom of this page before you do).

Toronto native plants starting with A: Acalypha rhomboidea to Aureolaria virginica

Above: Asclepias tuberosa (butterfly weed).

(Updated November 29, 2009).

It's exciting to see how many possibilities for native plant garderners there are in Toronto (something you'd never guess from the average Toronto plant seller, unfortunately.) I've put a link to the relevant entries in this blog where available. I have tried to be as accurate as possible but I'm no expert so any corrections to this list would be appreciated!

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Z

A

• Acalypha rhomboidea (three-seeded mercury). Me (East York), PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Acer x freemanii (Freeman maple). NANPS, PLANTS.
• Acer nigrum (black maple). CCC, LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS.
• Acer pensylvanicum (striped maple). LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Acer rubrum (red maple). LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS. More info: Chester, DG.
• Acer saccharinum (silver maple). LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Acer saccharum (sugar maple). LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Acer spicatum (mountain maple). LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Achillea alpinum (Chinese yarrow). PLANTS.
• Achillea millefolium (common yarrow). Me (East York), LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS, PtS. More info: DG.
• Acorus americanus (sweetflag), rare. Banville (as A. calamus), LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS.
• Acorus calamus: see Acorus americanus.
• Actaea alba: see A. pachypoda.
• Actaea x ludovici (hybrid baneberry), rare. Banville, PLANTS.
• Actaea pachypoda (doll's eyes), common. Banville, LBJ, NANPS, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Actea racemosa (black baneberry). PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Actea rubra (red baneberry), common. Banville, LBJ, NANPS, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Adiantum pedatum (northern maidenhair), rare. Banville, LBJ, NANPS. More info: DG.
• Adlumia fungosa (climbing fumitory). P&M, PLANTS. More info: PLANTS.
• Aesculus glabra (Ohio buckeye). CCC, CC rare, LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Agalinis gattingeri (Gattinger's agalinus). CC SAR, LBJ, PLANTS.
• Agalinis paupercula (smallflower false foxglove). PLANTS.
• Agalinis paupercula var. borealis (smallflower false foxglove). LBJ.
• Agalinis purpurea (large purple agalinus). CC rare, LBJ, P&M (as Gerardia purpurea), PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Agalinis skinneriana (Skinner's agalinus). CC SAR, LBJ, PLANTS.
• Agalinis tenuifolia (slenderleaf false foxglove). LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Agastache foeniculum (anise hyssop). LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Agastache nepetoides (yellow giant hyssop). LBJ, NANPS, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Agastache scrophulariaefolia (purple giant hyssop). CC rare, LBJ, NANPS, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Ageratina altissima (white snakeroot). LBJ, PLANTS.
• Ageratina altissima var. altissima (white snakeroot). LBJ, NANPS (as Eupatorium rugosum, P&M (as E. rugosum), PLANTS.
• Agrimonia gryposepala (tall hairy agrimony), common. Banville, LBJ, PLANTS.
• Agrimonia parviflora (small-flower groovebur). CC rare, PLANTS.
• Agrimonia pubescens (soft agrimony), rare. Banville, PLANTS.
• Agrimonia striata (roadside agrimony). PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Agropyron trachycaulum: see Elymus trachycaulus.
• Agrostis hyemalis (winter bentgrass), rare. Banville, LBJ, PLANTS.
• Agrostis mertensii (northern bentgrass). PLANTS.
• Agrostis perennans (upland bentgrass), rare. Banville, PLANTS.
• Agrostis scabra (fly-away grass). LBJ, PLANTS.
• Aletris farinosa (stargrass, unicorn root, white colicroot). CCC, CC SAR, LBJ, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Alisma gramineum (grass-leaved water-plantain). CC rare, PLANTS.
• Alisma plantago-aquatica: see A. trivale.
• Alisma subcordatum. P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Alisma trivale (water plantain), common. Banville (as A. plantago-aquatica), P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Allium burdickii (narrowleaf wild leek). NANPS, PLANTS.
• Allium canadense (wild garlic). LBJ, NANPS, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Allium cernuum (nodding wild onion). CC rare, LBJ, NANPS, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Allium schoenoprasum (wild chives). NANPS, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Allium stellatum (autumn onion). LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Allium tricoccum (wild leek), uncommon. Banville, LBJ, NANPS, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Alnus incana (speckled alder). LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (speckled alder), uncommon. Banville (as A. rugosa), LBJ, NANPS (as Alnus rugosa).
• Alnus rugosa: see A. incana ssp. rugosa.
• Alnus viridis (green alder). LBJ, PLANTS.
• Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (green alder). LBJ.
• Alopecurus aequalis (short-awned foxtail), rare. Banville, LBJ, PLANTS.
• Amaranthus powellii (Powell's amaranth). PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Amaranthus tuberculatus (roughfruit amaranth). PLANTS.
• Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed). Me (East York), LBJ, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Ambrosia xhelenae. PLANTS.
• Ambrosia psilostacha (Cuman ragweed). LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Ambrosia trifida (great ragweed). LBJ, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Ambrosia trifida var. trifida (great ragweed). LBJ.
• Amelanchier spp. (serviceberries). Me (High Park), P&M. More info: Chester.
• Amelanchier alnifolia (Saskatoon serviceberry). LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS. More info: DG
• Amelanchier arborea (common serviceberry). LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Amelanchier arborea var. arborea (common serviceberry). LBJ.
• Amelanchier bartramiana (oblongfruit serviceberry). LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Amelanchier canadensis (Canadian serviceberry). PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Amelanchier interior (Pacific serviceberry). PLANTS.
• Amelanchier x intermedia. PLANTS.
• Amelanchier laevis (Allegheny serviceberry). LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Amelanchier x neglecta. PLANTS.
• Amelanchier sanguinea (roundleaf serviceberry). LBJ, PLANTS.
• Amelanchier sanguinea var. gaspensis (Gaspé serviceberry). LBJ.
• Amelanchier sanguinea var. sanguinea (roundleaf serviceberry). LBJ.
• Amelanchier stolonifera (running serviceberry). PLANTS.
• Ammannia robusta (scarlet ammannia). CC SAR, LBJ, PLANTS.
• Ammophila breviligulata (American beach grass), rare. Banville, LBJ, PLANTS.
• Amorpha fruticosa (desert false indigo). CC rare, LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Amphicarpa bracteata (American hog peanut). P&M, PLANTS, PtS.
• Anacharis canadensis: see Elodea canadensis.
• Anaphalis margaritacea (pearly everlasting). LBJ, NANPS, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Andromeda polifolia (bog rosemary). LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Andropogon gerardii (big bluestem), uncommon. Banville, CCC, LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS, PtS. More info: DG.
• Andropogon scoparius: see Schizachyrium scoparium var. scoparium.
• Andropogon virginicus (broomsedge bluestem). LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Androsace septentrionalis (pygmyflower rockjasmine). LBJ. More info: DG.
• Anemone canadensis (Canada anemone), common. Banville, LBJ, NANPS, P&M, PLANTS, PtS. More info: DG.
• Anemone cylindrica (candle anemone), rare. Banville, LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS, PtS.
• Anemone multifida (Pacific anemone). LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Anemone quinquefolia (wood anemone), uncommon. Banville, LBJ, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Anemone richardsonii (yellow thimbleweed). LBJ. More info: DG.
• Anemone virginiana (tall thimbleweed), common. Banville, LBJ, NANPS, P&M (as Anemone riparia), PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Angelica atropurpurea (purplestem angelica). P&M, PLANTS.
• Angelica lucida (seacoast angelica). PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Angelica purpurescens (purple angelica). NANPS.
• Antennaria howellii (Howell's pussytoes). LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Antennaria howellii ssp. canadensis (Canadian pussytoes). LBJ.
• Antennaria howellii ssp. neodioica (Howell's pussytoes). LBJ.
• Antennaria howellii ssp. petaloidea (small pussytoes). LBJ.
• Antennaria neglecta (field pussytoes). LBJ, NANPS, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Antennaria parlinii (Parlin's pussytoes). LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS.
• Antennaria parlinii ssp. fallax (Parlin's pussytoes). LBJ.
• Antennaria parlinii ssp. parlinii (Parlin's pussytoes). LBJ.
• Apios americana (groundnut). LBJ, NANPS, P&M, PLANTS, PtS. More info: DG.
• Aplectrum hyemale (puttyroot, Adam and Eve). CCC, CC rare, LBJ, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Apocynum adrosaemifolium (spreading dogbane). LBJ, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Apocynum cannabinum (hemp dogbane). LBJ, NANPS, P&M, PLANTS, PtS. More info: DG.
• Apocynum floribundum (intermediate dogbane). P&M (as Apocynum medium), PLANTS.
• Aquilegia canadensis (wild columbine), uncommon. Banville, LBJ, NANPS, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG, Leckie.
• Arabis alpina (alpine rockcres). PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Arabis canadensis (sicklepod), rare. Banville, P&M, PLANTS.
• Arabis × divaricarpa (spreadingpod rockcress). PLANTS.
• Arabis drummondii (Drummond's rockcress). PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Arabis glabra (tower mustard), rare. Banville, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Arabis hirsuta (hairy rockcress). P&M, PLANTS.
• Arabis hirsuta var. adpressipilis (hairy rock-cress). CC rare.
• Arabis laevigata (smooth rock cress), rare. Banville, P&M, PLANTS.
• Arabis lyrata (lyre-leaved rock cress). LBJ, P&M, PLANTS.
• Arabis shortii (Short's rock-cress). CC rare, PLANTS.
• Aralia hispida (bristly sarsparilla). LBJ, P&M, PLANTS.
• Aralia nudicaulis (wild sarsparilla). LBJ, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Aralia racemosa (American spikenard). NANPS, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (bearberry). LBJ, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Arethusa bulbosa (dragon's mouth). LBJ, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Argentina anserina (silverweed cinquefoil), common. Banville (as Potentilla anserina), LBJ, NANPS (as P. anserina), P&M (as P. anserina), PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Arisaema dracontium (green dragon). CCC, CC SAR, LBJ, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Arisaema atrorubens: see A. triphyllum ssp. triphyllum.
• Arisaema stewardsonii: see A. triphyllum ssp. stewardsonii.
• Arisaema triphyllum (Jack-in-the-pulpit), common. Banville, LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Arisaema triphyllum ssp. stewardsonii (Jack-in-the-pulpit). P&M (as Arisaema stewardsonii), PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Arisaema triphyllum ssp. triphyllum (Jack-in-the-pulpit). P&M (as Arisaema atrorubens), PLANTS).
• Aristida basiramea (forked threeawn grass). CC rare, PLANTS.
• Aristida longespica (slimspike threeawn grass). PLANTS.
• Aristida longespica var. geniculata (three-awn). CC rare.
• Aristida longespica var. longespica (three-awn). CC rare.
• Aristida purpurascens (arrow feather three-awn grass). CC rare, PLANTS.
• Arnoglossum plantagineum (tuberous Indian plantain). CC SAR, LBJ, P&M (as Cacalia tuberosa), PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Artemisia campestris (field sagewort). LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Artemisia campestris ssp. borealis (field sagewort). LBJ.
• Artemisia campestris ssp. caudata (field sagewort). LBJ, P&M (as Artemisia caudata), PLANTS.
• Artemisia caudata: see A. campestris ssp. caudata.
• Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon). LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Artemisia frigida (prairie sagewort). LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Artemisia ludoviciana (Louisiana artemisia). LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Asaram canadense (wild ginger), common. Banville, LBJ, NANPS, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Asclepias exaltata (poke milkweed). LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Asclepias hirtella (tall green milkweed). CCC, CC rare, LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Asclepias incarnata (swamp milkweed). LBJ, NANPS, P&M, PLANTS, PtS. More info: DG.
• Asclepias purpurescens (purple milkweed). CCC, CC rare, LBJ, NANPS, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Asclepias quadrifolia (four-leaved milkweed). CC rare, LBJ, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Asclepias sullivantii (Sullivant's milkweed). CCC, CC rare, LBJ, P&M, PLANTS.
• Asclepias syrica (common milkweed). LBJ, NANPS, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG, Leckie.
• Asclepias tuberosa (butterfly weed). CCC, LBJ, NANPS, P&M, PLANTS, PtS. More info: DG.
• Aslepias variegata (white milkweed). CC rare, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Asclepias verticillata (whorled milkweed). CCC, CC rare, LBJ, NANPS, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Asclepias viridiflora (green milkweed). CCC, CC rare, LBJ, PLANTS.
• Asimina triloba (pawpaw). CCC, CC rare, LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Asplenium platyneuron (ebony spleenwort). LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Asplenium rhizophyllum (walking fern). LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Asplenium ruta-muraria (wallrue). PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Asplenium scolopendrium (hart's-tongue fern). NANPS, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum (American hart's-tongue fern). CC SAR, LBJ.
• Asplenium trichomanes (maidenhair spleenwort). LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum (bright green spleenwort). LBJ, PLANTS.
• Aster acuminata: see Oclemena acuminata.
• Aster ericoides: see Symphyotrichum ericoides.
• Aster laevis: see Symphyotrichum laeve.
• Aster lateriflorus: see Symphyotrichum lateriflorum.
• Aster macrophyllus: see Eurybia macrophylla.
• Aster nemoralis: see Oclemena nemoralis.
• Aster novae-angliae: see Symphyotrichum novae-angliae.
• Aster oolentangiensis: see Symphyotrichum oolentangiense.
• Aster pilosus: see Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pilosum.
• Aster ptarmicoides: see Oligoneuron album.
• Aster puniceus: see Symphyotrichum puniceum.
• Aster radula: see Eurybia radula.
• Aster umbellatus: see Doellingeria umbellata var. umbellata.
• Aster urophyllus: see Symphyotrichum urophyllum.
• Astragalus canadensis (Canadian milkvetch). LBJ, NANPS, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Astragalus neglectus (Cooper's milkvetch). CC rare, PLANTS.
• Athyrium felix-femina (common ladyfern), common. Banville, LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Athyrium felix-femina ssp. angustum (sub-arctic ladyfern). LBJ, PLANTS.
• Athyrium thelypterioides: see Deparia acrostichoides.
• Atriplex patula var. hastata: see A. prostrata.
• Atriplex prostrata (triangle orache), rare. Banville (as A. patula var. hastata. PLANTS.
• Aureolaria flava (yellow false-foxglove). CC rare, PLANTS.
• Aureolaria pedicularia (fernleaf yellow false-foxglove). CC rare, PLANTS.
• Aureolaria pedicularia var. pedicularia (fernleaf yellow false foxglove, fern-leaved false frogbit). P&M (as Gerardia pedicularia), PLANTS.
• Aureolaria virginica (downy false-foxglove). CC rare, LBJ, PLANTS.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Z

References

• Me: I've seen it myself, in the wild in Toronto.
• Banville: Banville, Diana. Vascular Plants of Metropolitan Toronto 2nd ed. Toronto: Toronto Field Naturalists, 1994. (Available by mail order from TFN.)
• CCC: Carolinian Canada Coalition's list of Representative Carolinian Species.
• CC rare: Carolinian Canada Coalitions's list of Carolinian Zone Rare Species
• CC SAR: Carolinian Canada Coalition's list Carolinian Species at Risk
• LBJ: Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center.
• NANPS: North American Native Plant Society
• P&M: Peterson, Roger Tory and Margaret McKenny. A field guide to wildflowers: Northeastern and northcentral North America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1968.
• PLANTS: United States Department of Agriculture PLANTS Database
• PtS: Planting the Seed: A Guide to Establishing Prairie and Meadow Communities in Southern Ontario

Info

• Chester: Bronwyn Chester at Spacing Montréal
• DG: Dave's Garden
• Leckie: The Marvelous in Nature blog by Seabrooke Leckie

Toronto native plants starting with B: Baptisia tinctoria to Bulbostylis capillaris

(Last updated August 8, 2009.)

It's exciting to see how many possibilities for native plant garderners there are in Toronto (something you'd never guess from the average Toronto plant seller, unfortunately.) I've put a link to the relevant entries in this blog where available. I have tried to be as accurate as possible but I'm no expert so any corrections to this list would be appreciated!

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Z

B

• Baptisia tinctoria (yellow wild indigo). CCC, CC rare, LBJ, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Bartonia paniculata (twining screwstem). PLANTS.
• Bartonia paniculata ssp. paniculata (twining screwstem). LBJ, PLANTS.
• Bartonia virginica (yellow screwstem). CC rare, P&M, PLANTS.
• Berula erecta (cutleaf water parsnip). P&M (as Berula pusilla), PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Betula alleghaniensis (yellow birch). LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS. More info: Leckie.
• Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis (yellow birch), common. Banville (as B. lutea), LBJ, PLANTS.
• Betula glandulosa (resin birch). PLANTS.
• Betula lenta (sweet birch, cherry birch). CCC, CC rare, LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Betula lutea: see B. alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis.
• Betula minor (dwarf white birch). PLANTS.
• Betula papyrifera (paper birch), common. Banville, LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS. More info: DG, Leckie.
• Betula papyrifera var. cordifolia (mountain paper birch). LBJ, PLANTS.
• Betula papyrifera var. papyrifera (paper birch). LBJ, PLANTS.
• Betula populifolia (grey birch). LBJ, PLANTS.
• Betula pumila (bog birch). LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS.
• Betula pumila var. glandulifera (bog birch). LBJ, PLANTS.
• Betula x purpusii. PLANTS.
• Bidens beckii (Beck's water marigold). P&M (as Megalodonta beckii), PLANTS.
• Bidens cernua (bur-marigold). LBJ, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Bidens connata (swamp beggartick) LBJ, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Bidens coronata (tickseed-sunflower, southern tickseed) CCC, CC rare, LBJ, NANPS, P&M, PLANTS.
• Bidens discoidea (swamp beggartick). CC rare, LBJ, PLANTS.
• Bidens frondosa (devil's beggartick): LBJ, PLANTS, PtS. More info: DG.
• Bidens hyperborea (estuary beggartick). LBJ, PLANTS.
• Bidens hyperborea var. hyperborea (estuary beggartick). LBJ, PLANTS.
• Bidens tripartita (three-lobed beggartick). PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Bidens vulgata (big devil's beggartick). LBJ, PLANTS.
• Blephilia ciliata (downy wood-mint). CC rare, LBJ, NANPS, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Blephilia hirsuta (hairy wood-mint). CC rare, NANPS, P&M, PLANTS.
• Boehmeria cylindrica (false nettle), rare. Banville, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Botrychium campestre (Iowa moonwort). LBJ, PLANTS.
• Botrychium dissectum (cutleaf grapefern). LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Botrychium lanceolatum (lance-leaved grapefern). CC rare, PLANTS.
• Botrychium lunaria (common moonwort). LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Botrychium matricariifolium (matricary grapefern), extirpated. Banville, LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Botrychium minganense (Mingan moonwort). LBJ, PLANTS.
• Botrychium multifidum (leathery grapefern). LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Botrychium oneidense (bluntlobe grapefern). LBJ, PLANTS.
• Botrychium rugulosum (rugulose grapefern). CC rare, LBJ, PLANTS.
• Botrychium simplex (little grapefern). LBJ, PLANTS.
• Botrychium virginianum (rattlesnake fern), rare. Banville, LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Bouteloua curtipendula (side oats gramma). CCC, CC rare, LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Bouteloua gracilis (blue gramma). LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Brasenia schreberi (watershield). P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Bromus ciliatus (fringed brome grass), uncommon. Banville, CCC, LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS.
• Bromus inermis (smooth brome). LBJ, PLANTS.
• Bromus kalmii (prairie brome). NANPS, PLANTS, PtS.
• Bromus latiglumis (earlyleaf brome), uncommon. Banville, LBJ, PLANTS.
• Bryoandersonia illecebra (spoon-leaved moss). CC rare, PLANTS.
• Buchnera americana (bluehearts). CCC, CC SAR, LBJ, PLANTS.
• Bulbostylis capillaris (densetuft hairsedge). CC rare, PLANTS.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Z

References

• Me: I've seen it myself, in the wild in Toronto.
• Banville: Banville, Diana. Vascular Plants of Metropolitan Toronto 2nd ed. Toronto: Toronto Field Naturalists, 1994. (Available by mail order from TFN.)
• CCC: Carolinian Canada Coalition's list of Representative Carolinian Species.
• CC rare: Carolinian Canada Coalitions's list of Carolinian Zone Rare Species
• CC SAR: Carolinian Canada Coalition's list Carolinian Species at Risk
• LBJ: Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center.
• NANPS: North American Native Plant Society
• P&M: Peterson, Roger Tory and Margaret McKenny. A field guide to wildflowers: Northeastern and northcentral North America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1968.
• PLANTS: United States Department of Agriculture PLANTS Database
• PtS: Planting the Seed: A Guide to Establishing Prairie and Meadow Communities in Southern Ontario

Info

• DG: Dave's Garden.
• Leckie: The Marvelous in Nature blog by Seabrooke Leckie

Toronto native plants starting with E: Echinacea pallida to Euthamia gymnospermoides

Above: Erigeron philadelphicus (Philadelphia fleabane).

(Updated August 6, 2009).

It's exciting to see how many possibilities for native plant garderners there are in Toronto (something you'd never guess from the average Toronto plant seller, unfortunately.) I've put a link to the relevant entries in this blog where available. I have tried to be as accurate as possible but I'm no expert so any corrections to this list would be appreciated!

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Z

E

• Echinacea pallida (pale purple coneflower). CC rare, LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Echinochloa microstachya: see E. muricata var. microstachya.
• Echinochloa muricata (rough barnyard grass). PLANTS.
• Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya (small spiked barnyard grass), common. Banville (as E. microstachya), PLANTS.
• Echinochloa walteri (Walter's barnyard grass, coast cockspur grass). CC rare, PLANTS.
• Echinocystis lobata (wild cucumber). P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Eclipta prostrata (false daisy). CC rare, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Eleocharis acicularis (needle spikerush), rare. Banville, PLANTS.
• Eleocharis compressa (flatstem spikerush). PLANTS.
• Eleocharis elliptica (elliptic spikerush), rare. Banville (as E. tenuis var. borealis), PLANTS.
• Eleocharis engelmannii (Engelmann's spikerush). CC rare, PLANTS.
• Eleocharis equisetoides (horsetail spikerush). CC SAR, LBJ, PLANTS.
• Eleocharis erythropoda (bald spikerush), uncommon. Banville, PLANTS.
• Eleocharis geniculata (Canada spikesedge, spikerush). CC rare, PLANTS.
• Eleocharis intermedia (matted spikerush). PLANTS.
• Eleocharis obtusa (blunt spikerush). NANPS, PLANTS, PtS.
• Eleocharis olivacea (bright green spikerush). PLANTS.
• Eleocharis ovata (ovate spikerush), rare. Banville, PLANTS.
• Eleocharis palustris (marsh spikerush, common spikerush), rare. Banville, NANPS, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Eleocharis parvula (dwarf spikerush). PLANTS.
• Eleocharis pauciflora: see E. quinqueflora.
• Eleocharis quadrangulata (squarestem spikerush). CC rare, PLANTS.
• Eleocharis quinqueflora (fewflower spikerush), rare. Banville (as E. pauciflora, PLANTS.
• Eleocharis robbinsii (Robbins' spikerush). PLANTS.
• Eleocharis rostellata (beaked spikerush). CC rare, PLANTS.
• Eleocharis tenuis var. borealis: see E. elliptica.
• Elodea canadensis (Canada waterweed), rare. Banville (as Anacharis canadensis), LBJ, PLANTS.
• Elodea nuttallii (western waterweed). PLANTS.
• Elymus canadensis (Canada wild rye), uncommon. Banville, LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS, PtS. More info: DG.
• Elymus x ebingeri (). PLANTS.
• Elymus glaucus (blue wild rye). LBJ, PLANTS.
• Elymus hystrix (eastern bottlebrush grass), common. Banville, LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS, PtS.
• Elymus riparius (riverbank wild rye). LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS.
• Elymus submuticus (Virginia wild rye). CC rare (as E. virginicus var. jenkinsii), PLANTS.
• Elymus trachycaulus (slender wheatgrass), rare. Banville (as Agropyron trachycaulum), NANPS, PLANTS.
• Elymus villosus (hairy wild rye). NANPS, PLANTS.
• Elymus virginicus (Virginia wild rye), rare. Banville, NANPS, PLANTS.
• Elymus virginicus var. virgnicus (Virginia wild rye). LBJ, PLANTS.
• Elymus weigandii (Weigand's wild rye) LBJ, PLANTS.
• Empetrum nigrum (black crowberry). LBJ, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum (black crowberry). LBJ, PLANTS.
• Enemion biternatum (eastern false rue anemone). CCC, CC SAR, LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Epifagus virginiana (beechdrops). LBJ, P&M, PLANTS.
• Epigaea repens (trailing arbutus). LBJ, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Epilobium angustifolium: see Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium.
• Epilobium ciliatum (fringed willowherb). PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Epilobium ciliatum ssp. glandulosum (fringed willowherb). P&M (as E. glandulosum), PLANTS.
• Epilobium coloratum (purple-leaved willow-herb). P&M, PLANTS.
• Epilobium hornemannii (Horenmann's willowherb). PLANTS.
• Epilobium leptophyllum (bog willowherb). PLANTS.
• Epilobium palustre (marsh willowherb). PLANTS.
• Epilobium strictum (downy willow-herb). P&M, PLANTS.
• Equisetum arvense (field horsetail), common. Me (East York, Wilket Creek Park), Banville, LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Equisetum x ferrissii (Ferriss' horsetail). PLANTS.
• Equisetum fluviatile (water horsetail), rare. Banville, LBJ, PLANTS.
• Equisetum hyemale (scouring rush), common. Banville, LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Equisetum laevigatum (smooth horsetail). LBJ, PLANTS.
• Equisetum x litorale (littoral horsetail, shore horsetail). PLANTS.
• Equisetum x nelsonii (Nelson's horsetail), rare. Banville, PLANTS.
• Equisetum palustre (marsh horsetail), rare. Banville, LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Equisetum pratense (meadow horsetail), uncommon. Banville, LBJ, PLANTS.
• Equisetum scirpoides (dwarf scouring rush), rare. Banville, LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Equisetum sylvaticum (woodland horsetail), rare. Banville, LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Equisetum variegatum (variegated horsetail), uncommon. Banville, LBJ, PLANTS.
• Eragrostis capillaris (tiny lovegrass, lace grass). CC rare, PLANTS.
• Eragrostis hypnoides (teal lovegrass). PLANTS.
• Eragrostis pectinacea (tufted lovegrass), rare. Banville, PLANTS.
• Eragrostis pilosa (Indian love grass). CC rare, PLANTS.
• Eragrostis spectabilis (purple love grass). CCC, CC rare, LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Erechtites hieraciifolia (pilewort, American burnweed). P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Erechtites hieraciifolia var. hieraciifolia (American burnweed). LBJ, PLANTS.
• Erigenia bulbosa (harbinger-of-spring). CCC, CC rare, LBJ, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Erigeron annuus (eastern daisy fleabane). Me (East York), LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Erigeron canadensis: see Conyza canadensis.
• Erigeron hyssopifolius (hyssopleaf fleabane). LBJ, PLANTS.
• Erigeron philadelphicus (Philadelphia fleabane). LBJ, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Erigeron philadelphicus var. philadelphicus (Philadelphia fleabane). LBJ, PLANTS.
• Erigeron philadelphicus var. provancheri (Philadelphia fleabane). LBJ, PLANTS.
• Erigeron pulchellus (Robin's plantain). LBJ, NANPS, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Erigeron strigosus (prairie fleabane). LBJ, P&M, PLANTS.
• Erigeron strigosus var. septentriolnalis (prairie fleabane). PLANTS.
• Erigeron strigosus var. strigosus (prairie fleabane). LBJ, PLANTS.
• Eriocaulon aquaticum (common pipewort, sevenangle pipewort). LBJ, PLANTS.
• Eriophorum angustifolium (tall cottongrass). PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Eriophorum gracile (slender cotton grass). NANPS, PLANTS.
• Eriophorum tenellum (fewnerved cottongrass). PLANTS.
• Eriophorum vaginatum (tussock cottongrass). PLANTS.
• Eriophorum virginicum (tawny cottongrass). LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Eriophorum viridicarinatum (thinleaf cottonsedge), rare. Banville, PLANTS.
• Erysimum inconspicuum (shy wallflower). LBJ, PLANTS.
• Erythronium albidum (white trout-lily, white fawnlily), rare. Banville, CCC, LBJ, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Erythronium americanum (trout-lily, dogtooth violet), common. Me (Wilket Creek Park), Banville, LBJ, NANPS, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Euonymus atropurpureus (burning bush). CCC, CC rare, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Euonymus obovatus (running strawberry bush). NANPS, PLANTS.
• Eupatoriadelphus maculatus (spotted Joe Pye weed, spotted trumpetweed). LBJ, NANPS (as Eupatorium maculatum), P&M (as Eupatorium maculatum), PLANTS, PtS (as Eupatorium maculatum). More info: DG.
• Eupatorium altissimum (tall boneset, tall thoroughwort). CC rare, LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Eupatorium coelestinum: see Conoclinium coelestinum.
• Eupatorium maculatum: see Eupatoriadelphus maculatus.
• Eupatorium perfoliatum (common boneset). LBJ, P&M, PLANTS, PtS. More info: DG.
• Eupatorium perfoliatum var. perfoliatum (common boneset). LBJ, NANPS, PLANTS.
• Eupatorium purpureum (sweet Joe Pye weed). CCC, CC rare, LBJ, NANPS, P&M, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Eupatorium rugosum: see Ageratina altissima var. altissima.
• Euphorbia commutata (tinted woodland spurge). CC rare, PLANTS.
• Euphorbia spathulata (warty spurge, blunt-leaved spurge, wolf's milk spurge). CC rare (as E. obtusata), PLANTS.
• Eurybia divaricata (white wood aster). CC SAR, LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Eurybia macrophylla (bigleaf aster). LBJ, NANPS, P&M (as Aster macrophyllus), PLANTS. More info: DG.
• Eurybia radula (rough-leaved aster). LBJ, P&M (as Aster radula), PLANTS.
• Eurybia schreberi (Schreber's wood aster). CC rare, LBJ, PLANTS.
• Euthamia caroliniana (slender goldentop). LBJ.
• Euthamia graminifolia (flat-top goldentop). LBJ, PLANTS, PtS. More info: DG.
• Euthamia graminifolia var. graminifolia (flat-top goldentop). LBJ, NANPS (as Solidago graminifolia), P&M (as S. graminifolia), PLANTS.
• Euthamia gymnospermoides (viscid bushy goldentop, Texas goldentop). CC rare, LBJ, PLANTS. More info: DG.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Z

References

• Me: I've seen it myself, in the wild in Toronto.
• Banville: Banville, Diana. Vascular Plants of Metropolitan Toronto 2nd ed.. Toronto: Toronto Field Naturalists, 1994. (Available by mail order from TFN.)
• CCC: Carolinian Canada Coalition's list of Representative Carolinian Species.
• CC rare: Carolinian Canada Coalitions's list of Carolinian Zone Rare Species
• CC SAR: Carolinian Canada Coalition's list Carolinian Species at Risk
• LBJ: Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center.
• NANPS: North American Native Plant Society
• P&M: Peterson, Roger Tory and Margaret McKenny. A field guide to wildflowers: Northeastern and northcentral North America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1968.
• PLANTS: United States Department of Agriculture PLANTS Database
• PtS: Planting the Seed (PDF): A Guide to Establishing Prairie and Meadow Communities in Southern Ontario

Info

• DG: Dave's Garden